Modern methods of infertility treatment: your path to healthy motherhood

If you haven't fallen pregnant after a year of regular trying, it's a good reason to consult a fertility specialist. Today, the issue of infertility is one of the central themes of medicine, and the existence of modern assistance methods allows many couples to realize their dream of having a healthy child.

What is the frequency of infertility?

According to international statistics, about 17.5% of the world's adult population, which is almost one in six people, faces conception problems. This figure varies depending on the country and age group. In large cities, the number of these couples can be higher due to increased stress levels, environmental pollution, and other factors.

Chances of getting pregnant based on the duration of attempts

There is an 11 to 15% chance of conceiving during a menstrual cycle.

60% of women become pregnant within the first 6 months of regular attempts. 84% within the first year. 92% within the second year of trying.

For couples over 35, it is important to consult a fertility specialist after 6 months of unsuccessful attempts, as fertility decreases with age and the chances of successful conception decline. In this age group, the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in embryos is also higher, which is why specialists recommend additional analyses and preimplantation diagnostic methods.

Factors influencing infertility

The health of women and men can be influenced by various factors that affect their ability to conceive. According to statistics:

33% of infertility cases are due to female factors. 20% are due to male factors. 39% are due to combined factors (both partners have fertility problems). 8% of cases have no clearly established cause.

Modern diagnostic technologies and methods increasingly allow for determining the true causes of pregnancy absence, including genetic and immunological factors.

Main causes of infertility in women

Endocrine disorders

Endocrine disorders are one of the main causes of female infertility because they disrupt the normal functioning of the hormonal system and affect the menstrual cycle, ovulation, and embryo implantation.

• Anovulation: the ovum does not mature or does not leave the ovary.
• PCOS: polycystic ovary syndrome causes irregular menstruations and hormonal imbalances.
• Hyperprolactinemia: high prolactin levels prevent conception.
• Thyroid function disorders: hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism reduce fertility.
• An imbalance of FSH, LH, and estrogen levels also reduces chances of conception.

Fallopian tube disorders

The fallopian tubes are the main channel for transporting a fertilized ovum. Blockage or damage makes conception impossible.

Ovarian reserve decline

The ovarian reserve determines the quantity and quality of eggs. It decreases with age and under the influence of risk factors (smoking, hereditary disorders). Sometimes, in women under 40, premature exhaustion of the ovarian reserve is observed, requiring special IVF programs with donor eggs.

Endometriosis

Endometrial tissue outside the uterus can lead to adhesions, inflammation, and organ damage. There are ovarian and tubal endometriosis. In severe cases, treatment requires surgery and assisted reproductive programs.

Uterine fibroids and endometrial polyps

A fibroid is a benign tumor that can alter the shape and position of the uterus, impeding embryo implantation. Endometrial polyps prevent embryo attachment. Their removal increases pregnancy success chances.

Immunological disorders

Sometimes, the immune system attacks sperm or the embryo.

• Anti-sperm antibodies reduce the chances of fertilization.
• Autoimmune processes can prevent normal embryo implantation.

Advanced reproductive age

After 35 years, the quantity and quality of eggs decline, and after 40, chances of natural conception decrease significantly. At this stage, use of IVF and donor programs becomes more common.

Main causes of male infertility

• Altered sperm quality: oligospermia, asthenospermia, teratospermia, azoospermia.
• Hormonal disorders: low testosterone levels and other imbalances.
• Infections: chlamydia, gonorrhea, and other sexually transmitted infections.
• Varicocele: dilation of veins in the testicular area increases temperature and impairs spermatogenesis.
• Genetic disorders: such as Klinefelter syndrome.
• Bad habits and environmental factors: smoking, alcohol, drugs, stress, and high temperature in the work environment.

Diagnosis of infertility causes

To accurately determine the causes of infertility in women and men:

• Hormonal tests.
• Pelvic organ ultrasound.
• Semen analysis.
• Genetic tests.
• Hysteroscopy or laparoscopy.

Modern clinics also use molecular diagnostic methods, PCR tests to detect infections, and in IVF programs, preimplantation genetic testing (PGT-A).

Each case is unique, which is why treatment choices are made by a fertility specialist.

Modern methods of infertility treatment

• Hormonal profile correction.
• Minimally invasive surgeries (hysteroscopy, laparoscopy).
• Ovulation induction.
• Intrauterine insemination (IUI).
• In vitro fertilization (IVF).
• Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
• Egg and sperm donation.
• Surrogacy.

Additionally, programs of IVF with egg donation or double donation, using donor eggs and sperm, are also employed. These methods are particularly indicated in cases of low ovarian reserve or severe spermatogenesis disorders.

Are there chances of success?

• IVF: success rate of 50 to 54% for women under 35, 20 to 30% after 40.
• ICSI: up to 60 to 70% success in young couples.
• IVF: up to 20% success per cycle.

In programs using donor eggs and double donation, the chances of pregnancy are significantly higher because tested donor cells are used.

The importance of timely consultation

The earlier the couple consults a specialist, the higher the chances of conception. Reproductive medicine is rapidly advancing, with new methods and technologies emerging each year.

The NatuVitro clinic offers its patients modern and safe treatment methods, including IVF, ICSI, donation and double donation programs, PGT-A in order to help them fulfill their motherhood dream.