Thyroid and pregnancy

The Importance of the Thyroid

Thyroid diseases are 5 to 10 times more common in women than in men and are often diagnosed during the young years of reproduction. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can lead to menstrual irregularities, anovulation, and infertility. In cases of hypothyroidism, the decrease in thyroid hormone levels results in impaired folliculogenesis and ovulation, as well as an increase in prolactin levels, which blocks reproductive processes. Hyperthyroidism, on the other hand, causes hyperactivity of the metabolism, disrupting hormonal balance and leading to anovulation. It is, therefore, extremely important for future mothers to check the state of their thyroid before planning their pregnancy.

Thyroid dysfunctions can also have a negative impact on the course of pregnancy. They increase the risk of intrauterine growth retardation, preeclampsia, miscarriage, and stillbirth. According to some studies, women suffering from untreated thyroid dysfunction are 20 to 30% more likely to experience complications, highlighting the necessity for prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Thyroid Gland and Infertility

Normal thyroid function plays a key role in:

• folliculogenesis;
• the onset of ovulation;
• fertilization;
• the functioning of the corpus luteum;
• the development of pregnancy.

Uncompensated hypothyroidism causes chronic anovulation, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, and secondary hyperprolactinemia. Infertility associated with thyroid underfunction affects 2 to 34% of women. This wide range is due to differences in disease severity, duration, presence of comorbidities, and individual characteristics of the organism.

Autoimmune thyroiditis reduces anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels, leading to a decrease in ovarian reserve. This condition increases the risk of:

• fetal stoppage and death
• spontaneous abortions;
• reduced effectiveness of IVF programs.

These patients require careful preparation, including correction of thyroid hormone levels, use of immunomodulatory therapy, and frequent monitoring of the ovaries and endometrium.

Pregnancy in Thyroid Diseases

Modern assisted reproductive technologies successfully restore reproductive function in cases of hormonal disorders. Special attention is given to normalizing thyroid function.

A comprehensive approach includes

• developing an individual preparation plan for in vitro fertilization (IVF) in collaboration with endocrinologists;
• monitoring hormonal context at all stages of treatment;
• regular follow-up of thyroid status during pregnancy.

This approach minimizes the risks of complications and contributes to a favorable outcome of pregnancy.

At-Risk Group for Thyroid Diseases

It is recommended to screen for thyroid health:

• in women over 30 years old (TSH, free thyroxine (T4), anti-TPO antibodies, and ultrasound);
• who are at increased risk of hypothyroidism;
• with a history of thyroid disease
• exhibiting symptoms of goiter or other thyroid disorders;
• with known family history
• individuals suffering from type 1 diabetes or other autoimmune diseases;
• individuals living in iodine-deficient regions;
• morbid obesity;
• history of miscarriage or preterm birth;
• diagnosed as infertile;
• after irradiation of the head and neck.

Treatment at Natuvitro Clinic

The specialists at Natuvitro Clinic offer modern approaches for the treatment of infertility caused by thyroid dysfunction. Our advantages include

• detailed diagnostics using advanced technologies;
• development of comprehensive and personalized treatment protocols
• the use of innovative therapies to improve fertility.

Schedule an appointment for a consultation to benefit from expert assistance and increase your chances of conceiving and carrying the child you have long awaited.