Secondary infertility: why pregnancy may not recur

Secondary infertility is a condition that can affect any couple who has already had children. It is not just a medical term, but also a real problem faced by thousands of families around the world.

This diagnosis means that previous pregnancies were successful, but now, despite a regular unprotected sexual life, the couple is unable to conceive a child for a year. If the woman is over 35, this period is shortened to six months, making the issue even more urgent. A valid question arises: why, despite experience and desire, is it more difficult to get pregnant again?

According to statistics, 10 to 15% of couples who are already parents encounter difficulties when trying to conceive again. At first glance, this figure may seem insignificant, but it means that one in ten families after the birth of a first child may suddenly encounter obstacles on the path to a new pregnancy.

Causes of secondary infertility

Age-related changes

Age is one of the main factors influencing chances of conception. Female fertility begins to decline after 30 years, and after 35, this process becomes more pronounced. The quality of eggs deteriorates, and the probability of conception decreases. For example, in women aged 35 to 39, the chances of pregnancy are only 15 to 20% per cycle. Men also face a decline in semen quality with age, which can complicate the conception process.

Medical factors

Endometriosis is a chronic disease in which tissue similar to the endometrium develops outside the uterus. This causes inflammation, adhesion formation, hormonal imbalance, and a decrease in egg quality, significantly affecting fertility. In our blog, you can read: All you need to know about endometriosis.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder characterized by irregular ovulation, high levels of androgens, and insulin resistance. It results in difficulties conceiving due to anovulation and ovarian dysfunction. In our blog, you can read: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).

Uterine fibroids are benign tumors that deform the uterine cavity, preventing embryo implantation. They also affect the uterine blood supply, complicating pregnancy maintenance.

Fallopian tube obstruction is one of the main factors of secondary infertility. The tubes can become blocked due to infections, surgeries, or endometriosis, which complicates fertilization. In our blog, you can read: Treatment and diagnosis of fallopian tube obstruction: modern approaches and methods.

Infections – diseases such as chlamydia or gonorrhea can cause inflammation and adhesion formation. Bacterial vaginosis can also alter vaginal microflora and create obstacles to conception.

Hormonal causes

Hormonal balance is essential for conception. Disorders of the thyroid, high prolactin levels, excess androgens, or insulin resistance can significantly impact ovulation, menstrual cycle, and fertility. Variations in FSH, LH, progesterone, and estradiol levels determine the quality and regularity of ovulation.

The impact of stress

Stress is one of the important factors that impair fertility. Chronic stress activates cortisol production, which disrupts hormonal balance, inhibits ovulation, and promotes metabolic disorders. Additionally, psychological consequences of stress (anxiety, depression, emotional exhaustion) reduce quality of life and complicate attempts to conceive.

Diagnosis of secondary infertility

A comprehensive examination helps determine the causes of the problem. It includes:

• General medical examination and medical history collection;
• Hormonal analyses (FSH, LH, estradiol, progesterone, prolactin);
• Pelvic ultrasound, thyroid, and breast examinations;
• Verification of uterine tube patency (hysterosalpingography);
• Laparoscopy in case of suspected endometriosis or other pathologies;
• Semen analysis to assess sperm quality;
• Genetic tests if hereditary factors are suspected;
• Psychological evaluation to detect the influence of stress.

Secondary infertility and IVF methods

One of the most effective ways to overcome secondary infertility is through assisted reproductive technologies. The most common method is IVF (in vitro fertilization). This procedure involves fertilizing an egg with a sperm in the laboratory, then transferring the embryo into the uterine cavity. For couples facing fallopian tube obstruction, significant hormonal or immunological issues, IVF can offer a real chance of becoming parents again.

In cases where the woman's egg quality declines due to age or medical factors, IVF with egg donation is used. This allows women who cannot use their own eggs to still experience the joy of a second pregnancy and the birth of another child. Donor eggs undergo strict selection, greatly increasing the chances of conception.

Another option is IVF with double donation, which uses both donor eggs and donor sperm. This method is used when both partners have severe fertility issues. For many couples, it is the only way to realize their dream of having a child.

At the NatuVitro clinic, each of these programs is implemented considering the individual needs of patients, providing high-quality medical monitoring and emotional support.

Emotional aspect

Secondary infertility is a difficult psychological ordeal. Couples may feel helplessness, guilt, and uncertainty. It is important to remember that this situation does not mean permanent infertility, but simply indicates the need to find the cause and ways to overcome it.

Conclusion

Secondary infertility is not a sentencing, but a challenge that can be overcome through modern medicine and comprehensive support. If pregnancy does not occur within 6 to 12 months, it is advisable to consult specialists. Early diagnosis increases the chances of success.

At the NatuVitro clinic, we pay special attention not only to the medical causes of infertility but also to the psychological state of the couple. We offer a personalized approach, professional diagnosis, and support at each step of the journey. Our goal is to help you once again hear children’s laughter in your home.