Treatment and diagnosis of Fallopian tube obstruction: modern approaches and methods

One of the most common causes of female infertility is the obstruction of the fallopian tubes. This condition is characterized by a partial or complete closure of the lumen of the fallopian tubes, preventing the normal passage of the egg and sperm, as well as the fertilized egg into the uterine cavity. The obstruction of the fallopian tubes is often asymptomatic, making quick diagnosis difficult. In general, the condition is detected during a comprehensive examination of the woman when she visits the doctor to complain about her inability to conceive a child.

Causes and Symptoms of Fallopian Tube Obstruction

Fallopian tube obstruction can be caused by many factors that can be divided into congenital and acquired. Among the main causes, we distinguish

1. Congenital developmental anomalies - some women are born with defects in the structure of the fallopian tubes, which can lead to their obstruction.
2. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) diseases such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes, toxoplasmosis, mycoplasmosis, and other infections can cause inflammatory processes in the fallopian tubes, leading to their damage and the formation of adhesions.
3. Uterine polyps benign growths in the uterine cavity can block the entrance to the fallopian tubes.
4. Mechanical injuries surgical interventions such as the removal of cysts, fibroids, or scraping of the uterine cavity can traumatize the mucosa of the fallopian tubes and lead to their obstruction.
5. Inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs chronic inflammation caused by infections or other factors can lead to the formation of adhesions that compress the fallopian tubes from the outside.
6. Functional disorders a decrease in the tone of the smooth muscles of the fallopian tubes or a disturbance of the microvilli of the epithelium, which promote the progression of the egg, can also be the cause of the obstruction.

The symptoms of fallopian tube obstruction depend on the severity of the condition and the reasons that caused it. In most cases, the disease is asymptomatic, and the woman only discovers the problem when she tries to become pregnant. However, if the obstruction is caused by an inflammatory process, the following signs may be observed:

• abdominal pain that increases with physical activity, sudden movements, or during sexual intercourse;
• unusual vaginal discharge (mucous or purulent);
• an increase in body temperature, indicating the presence of inflammation.

Diagnosis of Fallopian Tube Obstruction

For an accurate diagnosis of fallopian tube obstruction, modern methods are used that not only identify the condition itself but also determine its causes. The diagnostic process includes

1. Ultrasound allows visualizing the state of the pelvic organs and identifying any changes in the structure of the fallopian tubes.
2. Hysterosalpingography (HSG) a contrast X-ray method in which a special substance is injected into the uterine cavity to assess the permeability of the fallopian tubes.
3. Laparoscopy is an endoscopic method used for the direct examination of the fallopian tubes and other pelvic organs. This method also allows the removal of adhesions or other obstructions.
4. Blood and urine tests help detect inflammation, hormonal disorders, or infections.
5. Bacteriological smear of the vagina is necessary to detect pathogenic microorganisms that may cause inflammation.

Treatment of Fallopian Tube Obstruction

The treatment of fallopian tube obstruction depends on the causes that led to the condition and its severity. The doctor develops an individual treatment plan, which may include the following methods:

1. Medication treatment is used in the presence of inflammatory processes or infections. Antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and hormonal agents are prescribed.
2. Surgical intervention is used to remove adhesions, polyps, or other formations blocking the lumen of the fallopian tubes. The most effective method is laparoscopy, which minimizes the traumatic nature of the operation.
3. Physiotherapy helps improve blood circulation in the pelvic organs, reduce inflammation, and prevent the formation of new adhesions.

When it is impossible to restore the permeability of the fallopian tubes or if the treatment is ineffective, a woman may be offered in vitro fertilization (IVF). This method allows bypassing the obstruction problem, as the fertilization of the egg occurs outside the woman's body, and then the embryo is transferred into the uterine cavity.

Advantages of Contacting the "NatuVitro" Clinic

The specialists at the "NatuVitro" clinic are gynecologists-obstetricians specializing in assisted reproductive technology with many years of experience. They carry out comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of fallopian tube obstruction. The use of modern technologies and the individual approach to each patient allows achieving high results in the treatment of infertility. The clinic offers a wide range of services, including conservative and surgical methods, as well as IVF programs that help women realize their dream of motherhood.