Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) during pregnancy

The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) during pregnancy is a rare but serious autoimmune disease that affects 5 women out of 100, according to the World Health Organization. This syndrome increases the risk of losing a baby by 30%, making it a major concern when planning and managing a pregnancy. APS is characterized by the production of antibodies directed against phospholipids, which are important components of cell membranes, leading to dysfunctions in blood vessels and the blood coagulation system. Often, women discover this syndrome after several unsuccessful attempts to conceive or carry a child.

In a spontaneous pregnancy, the diagnosis and treatment of APS aim to reduce autoimmune activity and improve blood flow to the placenta. In the case of IVF (in vitro fertilization), specialists pay particular attention to preparing the endometrium and controlling blood coagulation for the successful implantation of the embryo.

The diagnosis of APS includes

• blood tests to detect the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies.
• Coagulation profile to assess blood coagulation.
• An ultrasound to detect thrombosis or abnormalities in blood circulation in the placenta.

Causes of Antiphospholipid Syndrome

The development of antiphospholipid syndrome is associated with an abnormal immune response, which leads to the formation of antibodies attacking the phospholipids of cell membranes. This results in impaired blood coagulation and the formation of clots, complicating the normal functioning of the placenta.

The main causes of the development of APS are as follows:

• Hereditary predisposition. The genetic factor plays an important role.
• Autoimmune diseases. For example, systemic lupus erythematosus or scleroderma.
• Infections. Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis C, HIV, and others.
• Tumor diseases. Ovarian tumors or lymphoproliferative disorders.

Symptoms of Antiphospholipid Syndrome During Pregnancy

Antiphospholipid syndrome manifests with a number of symptoms, including

• Frequent and severe headaches.
• Vision, coordination, and memory disturbances.
• Shortness of breath, chest pain, feeling of oxygen deficiency.
• Elevated blood pressure
• Redness, swelling of the shins, and skin ulcers.
• Numbness and pain in the extremities.
• Pain behind the sternum after physical exertion.
• Mottled skin.

These symptoms can lead to serious complications, such as

• Miscarriages up to 12 weeks.
• Preterm labor.
• Delayed fetal development.
• Intrauterine death of the baby.

However, early diagnosis and proper treatment, including the use of anticoagulants like Aspirin (Heparin) and lifestyle adjustments, significantly increase the chances of a successful pregnancy.

Complications of APS

Antiphospholipid syndrome can cause:

• Feto-placental insufficiency.
• Acute and chronic fetal hypoxia.
• Hemolytic disease of the fetus.
• HELLP syndrome
• Thrombosis, thromboembolism, stroke, and heart attack.
• Complications during childbirth and the postpartum period.

Management of Pregnancy with Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Effective management of a pregnancy with antiphospholipid syndrome requires constant monitoring of autoimmune processes and the blood coagulation system. Treatment is developed individually, taking into account the patient's history, including data on previous miscarriages or thrombosis.

Medication treatment may include

• Glucocorticosteroids at individually chosen doses.
• Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin).
• Calcium and vitamin D preparations.
• Immunoglobulins to stabilize the immune system.

Professional Assistance During Pregnancy in Case of APS

The "NatuVitro" clinic provides assistance for pregnancy under the supervision of qualified obstetricians and gynecologists. The specialists at the clinic use modern diagnostic methods, including coagulation profiles, blood tests, and ultrasound studies. They develop individualized treatments aimed at ensuring the success of the pregnancy and the birth of a healthy child. Thanks to a personalized approach and cutting-edge techniques, women with APS have a real chance of becoming mothers.