Sterility following an abortion

Abortion (IVG) can be performed at the woman's request or for medical reasons, such as an unwanted pregnancy or severe fetal abnormalities incompatible with life. Infertility is one of the most serious consequences women face after an abortion.

The extent of damage to reproductive health directly depends on the method of abortion. However, by following a doctor's advice, it is possible to significantly reduce the risk of sterility.

Impact of Abortion on Reproductive Health

Abortion is a significant stress for the female body. The reproductive system is in the process of reconstructing for the growth and development of the fetus, and a sudden halt to this process can cause hormonal and physiological disturbances.

The frequency of infertility after an abortion depends on the method used. According to studies, the risk of sterility is about 10% after a medical abortion in certified clinics and can exceed 40% with illegal or unregulated methods. Non-certified procedures carry the highest risk, often accompanied by injuries and infections.

Abortion Methods and Their Consequences

Medical Abortion

Medical abortion (mifepristone) is performed up to 6 weeks of gestation. The woman takes the medications according to the dosage prescribed by the doctor, leading to a spontaneous miscarriage.

This method is considered the least traumatic, as it does not require surgical intervention. However, it is not always safe. Possible complications include heavy bleeding, pain, or incomplete expulsion of fetal tissues, which can lead to inflammation.

Vacuum Aspiration

Aspiration or mini-abortion is performed up to the 7th week of gestation. The procedure involves removing the embryo using a device that creates negative pressure. It is performed under local or general anesthesia.

Despite the relatively low level of trauma, complications are possible: incomplete removal of tissues can lead to inflammation, adhesions in the fallopian tubes, and scarring of the uterine wall can result in infertility.

Surgical Abortion

Surgical abortion (curettage) is performed under general anesthesia. Special instruments are used to remove the fetal egg as well as a layer of uterine lining.

This method minimizes the risk of remaining embryonic tissue, but it is associated with serious complications:

• Adhesions in the fallopian tubes, leading to obstruction.
• Scarring of the uterine wall, increasing the risk of ectopic pregnancy.
• Cervical injuries, which can lead to infertility.

What is the Risk of Sterility After a First Abortion?

The risk of sterility after a first abortion varies depending on how it is performed. Medical procedures conducted in a clinic carry a much lower risk of complications. Traditional homemade methods, on the other hand, increase the likelihood of infections, uterine trauma, and other complications that can lead to irreversible changes in the reproductive system.

Abortion is not recommended for the following categories of women:

• When the term of pregnancy exceeds 20 weeks.
• In the absence of a history of childbirth.
• In the presence of oncological diseases of the uterus.
• Women with a history of cesarean sections.

Recommendations to Reduce the Risk of Complications

Following the recommendations below can help avoid complications and reduce the risk of infertility. WHO studies show that regular medical follow-up after an abortion can reduce the likelihood of complications by 30%.

1. Consult a gynecologist 10 to 14 days after the abortion. The doctor will assess the condition of the uterus, prescribe tests, and an ultrasound.
2. Contact a doctor at the first alarming signs.
3. Avoid significant physical exertion during the fifteen days following the procedure.
4. Avoid hypothermia.
5. Refrain from alcohol consumption for a week.
6. Observe sexual rest for 2 to 3 weeks.
7. Use contraceptive methods recommended by the doctor.

Treatment of Infertility After Abortion

Infertility developed after an abortion can often be treated based on diagnosis.

• Hormonal disorders are treated with medications.
• Inflammatory processes are treated with anti-inflammatory drugs and physiotherapy.
• Obstruction of the uterine tubes and scarring of the uterine wall require surgical intervention (laparoscopy).

If the above methods fail, a reproductive specialist may suggest assisted reproductive techniques such as in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Consult the NatuVitro clinic to address the consequences of an abortion and realize your dream of motherhood. We can help you achieve the long-awaited baby.