EMBRYON TRANSFER: Detailed notice for the patient

Procedure Planning

The exact date and time of the embryo transfer, the final and most important step of the IVF program (in vitro fertilization), are scheduled by your reproductive specialist. This decision is made on a case-by-case basis, based on careful ultrasound monitoring of the endometrial thickness and structure, as well as the development dynamics of the embryos.

It is important to understand that the technical aspects of the procedure and the strict rules for its preparation remain uniform and unchanged, regardless of the specifics of your treatment protocol. Whether it is a standard program with stimulation and own oocytes, an egg donation IVF program, or a more complex double donation IVF, the physiological process of transfer proceeds in the same way.

Generally, the procedure is performed on the 5th day of embryonic culture. At this time, the embryo reaches the blastocyst stage. This is the optimal moment for transfer, as the embryo has the greatest implantation potential at this stage and is ready to be implanted into the prepared endometrium.

Preparation for the procedure

On the day of embryo transfer, it is not necessary to observe strict fasting — a light, non-fatty breakfast is permitted. It is recommended to exclude foods that cause flatulence so that the intestines do not interfere with ultrasound monitoring.

An adequately filled bladder is an extremely important condition for the success and proper technical execution of the manipulation. A full bladder serves two functions: it helps straighten the angle between the cervix and the body of the uterus, facilitating catheter insertion, and acts as an "acoustic window" for clear visualization of the uterus via ultrasound. In this regard, it is recommended to refrain from urinating during the 2 hours prior to the scheduled embryo transfer and to drink water in small sips.

It is advisable to arrive at the clinic in advance, about 30 to 40 minutes before the procedure begins. This time is necessary to fill out medical documents without rushing, change clothes, and get into a positive mindset. The presence of a partner during the procedure is allowed and encouraged — it can provide additional psychological comfort for the woman, but it is not a strict medical requirement.

Procedure process

The embryo transfer process is absolutely painless for the patient, resembling a standard gynecological examination and does not require anesthesia. The intervention is very quick, typically lasting between 5 and 10 minutes, and is performed in a sterile operating room.

1. The patient is seated in a gynecological chair. The doctor proceeds with the treatment of the external genital organs.
2. Using sterile gynecological mirrors, the doctor carefully exposes the cervix and cleans it of cervical mucus to allow unimpeded passage of the instrument.
3. The procedure is performed under abdominal ultrasound control. The doctor (or his assistant) places the probe on the lower abdomen to visualize the process.
4. A thin, soft, and flexible catheter is introduced directly into the uterine cavity through the cervical canal. It does not traumatize the uterine tissues.
5. Through this catheter, the embryologist transmits the embryo, which is contained in a microscopic drop of a special nutrient medium, to the doctor, who gently deposits it into the most favorable area of the endometrium.

After the procedure

Immediately after the embryo transfer, the patient must remain at the clinic under medical supervision. For 30 to 60 minutes, the woman should stay lying down in her room. This time is necessary not only for the physical fixation of the embryo (which is securely maintained by surface tension) but also for psychological calm and reduction of uterine tone.

Before leaving, the doctor will conduct a final consultation during which he will provide an official report with a photo of the embryo (if provided by the protocol), offer individual recommendations regarding hormonal support and lifestyle until the hCG test is performed.

Recommendations for the following two weeks

The period between transfer and the results of the blood hCG test (usually 14 days) is an waiting period for implantation. To increase the chances of success, it is strongly recommended to follow a moderate regimen:

• Psycho-emotional calm: Try to completely avoid stressful situations, conflicts, and agitation. Stress hormones can negatively affect uterine tone and blood circulation.
• Physical activity: Absolutely avoid intense physical efforts, sudden bends, and lifting heavy loads (more than 2-3 kg). Avoid active sports that cause bodily shocks or abdominal tension, such as running, swimming, tennis, aerobics, fitness, and mountaineering. Walking outdoors at a relaxed pace is, on the contrary, beneficial.
• Temperature: Avoid both hypothermia (risk of colds) and overheating of the body. Excessive sun exposure is prohibited: avoid sunbathing (at the beach) or going to solariums. Thermal procedures dilate blood vessels, which is undesirable during this period. Therefore, avoid baths, saunas, and hot baths (warm showers are allowed).
• Sexual activity: Abstain completely from any sexual intercourse until the results of the hCG test are received to prevent any risk of infection and mechanical contraction of the uterus.
• Hygiene and physiology: Do not use tampons (only sanitary pads). It is also important to monitor bowel function, maintain a balanced diet, and avoid constipation, as efforts increase intra-abdominal pressure.

Important: Strict and rigorous adherence to all the above prescriptions and your doctor's dosing schedule significantly increases the procedure's effectiveness!

If you experience a sudden deterioration of your health, the appearance of intense pain, bleeding, or other concerning symptoms, you should immediately contact the clinic or see a doctor.

FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)

Question: Should I come fasting for the transfer? Answer: No, it is not necessary to be fasting, as the procedure is performed without anesthesia. On the day of transfer, a light, non-fatty breakfast is allowed and even recommended for your well-being, but try to avoid heavy and greasy foods.

Question: Will the transfer be painful? Is anesthesia necessary? Answer: No, the embryo transfer procedure is painless. The catheter is very thin and flexible, so most women feel nothing or only slight discomfort, similar to a Pap smear. Anesthesia is not required.

Question: Can my husband be present? Answer: Yes, the presence of the husband is possible and allowed; it helps many patients feel more relaxed. However, it is not a mandatory medical condition. The decision is made jointly with your partner.

Question: How long should I stay lying down after the transfer? Answer: After the procedure, it is recommended to remain lying in a horizontal position in the room for 30 to 60 minutes. This time is sufficient to recover and rest before going home.

Question: Can I take a hot bath or go to the sauna after the transfer? Answer: No, during the two weeks following the transfer, it is absolutely necessary to avoid any overheating of the body. Hot baths, saunas, and solariums are strictly prohibited during this period, as they can negatively affect the implantation process.