5 elements of the ovule that determine the future of each of us

We are accustomed to consider the beginning of life as something magical, almost fairy-tale. But behind this veil hides a very real biological object: the egg.

It is not simply a biological material, but the main character in an incredibly long and complex drama, where the stakes are very high. To understand its very essence, it is not enough to know the egg, but also its journey.

Element No. 1: size and structure

Imagine a cell visible to the naked eye. That is an egg. Its size makes it an absolute giant compared to other cells in our body. It is like a dirigible among passenger cars. This size is not only a remarkable feature but also a vital necessity. It contains a strategic reserve of nutrients that will feed the future embryo during the early stages of its development.

However, this hides a paradox: the largest cell in the body is completely incapable of moving autonomously. It remains passive and moves thanks to the contractions of the fallopian tube. Its membranes have a dual function: they serve as a fortress and, at the same time, as a sophisticated recognition mechanism, capable of opening access only to a single “correct key”.

Element No. 2: life cycle and quantity

The life of a woman begins with an incredible reserve: millions of oocytes are formed even before her birth. This is a unique wealth, but it does not renew itself. On the contrary, it decreases every day, like a bank account from which only withdrawals can be made.

The maturation of eggs is a complex and long process, involving hundreds of thousands of cells. Most eggs remain in a “dormant” state, but from time to time, some wake up and come into competition. Only one wins, the others perish. Thus, if a woman is born with millions of oocytes, only 400 to 500 of them reach maturity during her lifetime.

Element No. 3: viability after ovulation

After many years of preparation, the crucial moment arrives: ovulation. The egg exits the ovary and becomes free. But this freedom is short-lived: its lifespan outside the ovary is only 12 to 24 hours.

These hours are the most intense of its existence. In such a short time, it must meet a spermatozoon. If this does not happen, the egg triggers a self-destruction process. Its life is a brief flash of brightness that quickly extinguishes.

Element No. 4: role in fertilization

The widespread idea that millions of sperm rush toward a passive egg is outdated. In reality, the egg actively chooses its partner. It “communicates” with spermatozoa via biochemical signals. Its receptors respond only to certain proteins, like a complex lock that only opens with a single key.

The main task is to ensure that the genetic material of the chosen sperm is healthy and complete. As soon as the appropriate key is found, the egg instantly blocks access to all others. There will be no second attempt.

Element No. 5: multiple ovulation

Generally, only one egg matures in each cycle. However, about one in ten cycles can result in superovulation, meaning simultaneous maturation of two eggs. If fertilized, dizygotic twins are formed.

This phenomenon demonstrates the flexibility of the reproductive system. Even if not all ovulations lead to pregnancy, the very possibility of a “double release” creates conditions for the birth of two children at the same time, thus offering double happiness.

FAQ about the egg

What are the main characteristics of the egg?

The egg is the largest cell in the body visible to the naked eye. It has a spherical shape, is incapable of movement, and contains dense protective envelopes, as well as a haploid set of chromosomes.

Why does the egg need a reserve of nutrients?

This reserve is necessary to nourish the embryo during the first days of its existence. Fats, proteins, and other substances help cells divide and develop until implantation in the uterus.

What is the lifespan of an egg after ovulation?

Its viability is 12 to 24 hours. If fertilization does not occur, it is destroyed and its remains are absorbed by the body.

How many mature eggs are formed during a woman’s life?

At birth, a woman has 1 to 2 million oocytes, but during her reproductive maturity period, only 400 to 500 eggs reach maturity. The others die at various stages of development.

Which donation method should be chosen?

The choice of donation method depends on the specific situation, age, indications, and medical history of the couple.

• Egg donation: suitable if the woman has a low ovarian reserve or presents genetic risks. Donated eggs offer better chances of IVF success.
• Sperm donation: recommended in case of significant sperm production disorders or hereditary diseases in the man.
• Double donation (egg and sperm): used when both partners have serious reproductive problems. It increases pregnancy chances but requires a more careful donor selection.
• Own material with PGS-A: if eggs or sperm are available but there is a risk of chromosomal abnormalities, preimplantation genetic diagnosis can be used. The best choice can only be determined after consulting a reproductive specialist and undergoing examinations. At the NatuVitro reproductive medicine clinic, patients are assisted in finding a personalized solution based on medical and personal factors.