Testosterone levels in women

Testosterone is traditionally considered the "male" sex hormone. Our blog contains an article titled “Testosterone Norms in Men,” which will help you learn more about its importance and influence on the male body. However, it is also present in the female body, albeit in much lower amounts. This hormone is responsible for the balance of adipose and muscle tissues, the production of estrogens, libido levels, as well as the development of follicles in the ovaries, stimulating the release of luteinizing hormone before ovulation.

What is the normal testosterone level in women?

Testosterone is synthesized from cholesterol, primarily in the ovaries (30%) and, to a lesser extent, in the adrenal glands (20%) and through the peripheral conversion of androstenedione (50%). Its level depends on age: the peak production occurs at 30 years, and after 50, the concentration of testosterone gradually decreases.

About 97 to 99% of the testosterone present in the body is bound to proteins, which reduces its biological activity. Bound testosterone serves as a reserve function, maintaining overall hormonal balance, but cannot interact directly with cell receptors. It is bound 54% to serum albumin and 44% to globulins.

Free testosterone, which represents only 3% of the total, is the most active form and has a direct effect on cellular processes, including protein synthesis, metabolism regulation, and aiding reproduction.

Norms for total testosterone (nmol/L):

• 20-49 years: 0.3 - 3.0
• Over 50 years: 0.05 - 0.5

Norms for free testosterone (pmol/L):

• 20-49 years: 3.5 - 29
• Over 50 years: 2.1 - 23

What does an increase in testosterone in women mean?

Variations in testosterone levels can be caused by physiological and pathological factors. An increase in this hormone concentration can occur as part of:

• Ovarian diseases;
• Thyroid dysfunction;
• Uterine tumors;
• Kidney diseases;
• Pituitary tumors;
• Use of certain medications;
• Malignant tumors.

Additionally, factors such as chronic stress, excess body weight, intense physical exercise, and prolonged fasting can also lead to an increase in testosterone levels in women. Chronic stress causes a cortisol imbalance, which affects androgen synthesis. Excess weight contributes to increased testosterone production through the activity of the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogens. Intense physical activity can stimulate androgen production, and prolonged fasting alters the hormonal context, activating adaptive mechanisms, including increased testosterone levels.

How does high testosterone manifest?

If testosterone levels are abnormal, a woman may experience a number of unpleasant symptoms. The following signs may warrant a visit to a gynecologist and a hormonal test:

• Oily skin, acne;
• Appearance of male-type hair (on the face, chest, abdomen);
• Hair loss on the head;
• Menstrual irregularities;
• Conception problems;
• Sleep disturbances;
• Increased appetite;
• Irritability, aggressive behavior.

The effect of testosterone on fertility

Testosterone plays an important role in the female reproductive system. Its level affects the ovulation process, follicle development, and estrogen balance. Levels that are too high or too low can lead to infertility, menstrual irregularities, and embryo implantation issues.

Testosterone and natural conception

When testosterone levels are normal, the reproductive system functions in a balanced manner, promoting successful conception. Conversely, if testosterone levels are high, there may be a lack of ovulation, polycystic ovaries (PCOS), and other hormonal disorders that make natural conception difficult.

Testosterone and IVF

If natural conception is not possible, a specialized gynecologist may suggest in vitro fertilization (IVF). Depending on your testosterone levels and the condition of your reproductive system, different techniques may be proposed:

• IVF with your own eggs - through controlled hormonal therapy, testosterone levels are regulated to ensure normal egg maturation.
• IVF with egg donation - used in cases where high androgen concentrations have affected the quality or quantity of eggs.
• IVF with double donation - in cases of issues other than hormonal disorders, such as low ovarian reserve.

Where to get a testosterone test?

Testosterone testing can be done at the "Natuvitro" clinic. After receiving the results, the patient can benefit from a consultation with a gynecologist-obstetrician.

If a woman's testosterone level does not match the norm and she cannot conceive within 6 to 12 months, it is recommended to schedule an appointment with a specialized gynecologist. This specialist can diagnose and treat female and male infertility and help couples find the joy of parenthood.