Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS)

Before committing to an IVF program, many couples are concerned about the risks involved, particularly the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), a condition that can occur in response to the use of gonadotropins and requires special monitoring. OHSS develops when a woman's body reacts to the use of gonadotropins during poorly controlled superovulation.

Symptoms of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome

Severe to moderate OHSS develops in 1 to 5% of IVF cycles and is one of the serious consequences of controlled stimulation, as it can lead to dangerous complications, including fluid accumulation in the body, dysfunction of multiple organs, and the need for hospitalization. In theory, any woman can develop this syndrome, but a study conducted in 2010 identified a at-risk group.

The at-risk group includes young women suffering from tubal infertility or ovulation disorders, as well as those diagnosed with "unexplained infertility." These factors increase the risk of OHSS as they are associated with a more significant ovarian response to stimulation, resulting in an excessive number of follicles and increased hormone levels. The risk of OHSS can be assessed by markers of ovarian reserve, high estradiol levels, a high number of developing follicles during stimulation, and a high number of eggs retrieved by follicular puncture.

Main Symptoms of OHSS

The main symptoms of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome are as follows:

• Abdominal bloating;
• Increased size of the ovaries;
• Dry mouth;
• Bowel disturbances;
• Abdominal pain;
• Nausea, vomiting;
• Swelling of the abdomen, external genitalia, lower limbs;
• Fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity, detectable by ultrasound;
• Dyspnea, dry cough;
• Decreased urine output, which can lead to complete absence of urine.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome during IVF Treatment

In case of suspected OHSS, a number of tests and studies are prescribed: general and biochemical blood tests, coagulation analysis, general urine analysis, hormone search, acid-base balance and arterial blood gases, serum osmolarity, hematocrit. Ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs, abdominal cavity, pleural cavities, ECG, echocardiography, Doppler measurement of ovarian vessels, and, if indicated, chest X-ray.

There is no specific treatment for OHSS, and therapy aims to relieve symptoms and maintain a stable condition in the patient. Treatment consists of replenishing fluid deficits, monitoring electrolyte balance, ensuring adequate ventilation, and preventing thrombosis. In cases of moderate to severe syndrome, medical recommendations aim to prevent dysfunction of multiple organs in the patient and minimize complications. An important aspect is the continuous monitoring and control of the patient's condition.

Prevention of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome at NatuVitro Clinic

The NatuVitro clinic employs gentle and effective methods with controlled stimulations in its IVF programs to treat infertility. Its experienced reproductive physicians individually select medications and closely monitor the woman's body response to the drugs used, which helps minimize the risk of developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

Preventive measures include using low doses of gonadotropins, regular monitoring of hormone levels, and using GnRH antagonists (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone) for triggering to avoid an excessive response. This approach ensures the safety and effectiveness of treatment, helping couples achieve the long-awaited pregnancy with minimal health risks.

Conclusion

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is one of the possible complications of an IVF program that requires special attention and constant monitoring. With appropriate prevention and risk management, OHSS can be minimized, allowing patients to undergo the stimulation process safely and achieve the desired pregnancy. At NatuVitro, specialists do their best to ensure safe and effective treatment, thus helping couples realize their dream of becoming parents.

To learn more about our in vitro fertilization services, please check the section dedicated to treatments.