Modern methods of reproductive medicine, such as artificial insemination, including in vitro fertilization (IVF), have significantly increased the chances of achieving a pregnancy, particularly for couples facing difficulties in conceiving. However, during IVF, there is a possibility of multiple pregnancies, which, in turn, can lead to a risk of developing fetal-fetal transfusion syndrome.
 

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and FFTS

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is one of the most common methods of artificial fertilization, in which embryos are created outside the body and then implanted into the uterus. In the case of implanting multiple embryos, the probability of multiple pregnancies, including monochorionic twins, increases, which is the main condition for the development of FFTS.
The risks associated with IVF include the possibility of sharing placental vessels between fetuses, which can lead to an uneven distribution of blood flow among the fetuses. Doctors working with couples undergoing IVF must be aware of these risks and be prepared to monitor the condition of the fetuses to detect complications in a timely manner.

Complications during Artificial Insemination and FFTS

In the case of multiple pregnancies resulting from IVF or artificial insemination, the risk of complications increases. Fetal-fetal transfusion syndrome is one of the most serious complications, as it can lead to various life-threatening pathologies for both fetuses.
The recipient fetus may develop cardiac abnormalities, hypertension, and fetal-placental anasarca, which significantly complicates the pregnancy. The donor fetus, in turn, may develop anemia, growth retardation, and other severe conditions associated with a lack of nutrients and oxygen.

Early Diagnosis of FFTS in IVF

The early diagnosis of fetal-fetal transfusion syndrome is a key factor for the success of treatment and reducing risks for the fetuses. Ultrasound and Doppler are the main diagnostic methods that allow for the timely detection of disturbances in blood flow and amniotic fluid volume.
Particular attention should be given to monitoring the condition of the fetuses in cases where a multiple pregnancy occurs after IVF, as the risk of complications, including FFTS, significantly increases. Early diagnosis allows doctors to take the necessary measures to maintain the health of the mother and fetus.