IVF Protocols: types and specifics

When a couple embarks on an in vitro fertilization (IVF) program, they encounter many new and previously unknown terms, such as long and short IVF protocols, blastocyst, embryo transfer, etc. In this article, we will see what an IVF protocol is and what types of IVF protocols exist.

The IVF protocol is a dosing and sequencing plan for the medications used to achieve a successful pregnancy. The gynecologist individually chooses the medications and the order of their administration based on the woman's age, ovarian reserve, and overall health status.

IVF protocols differ in the list of medications and the duration of their administration. There are short and long stimulation protocols, as well as cryo protocols (using frozen embryos) and natural cycle protocols (without ovulation stimulation, using naturally matured eggs). These differences pertain to the ovulation stimulation phase that precedes egg retrieval, after which the IVF program continues in the same manner.

Short IVF Protocol

The short IVF protocol lasts about 12 days. It begins during days 3 to 5 of the menstrual cycle, as this is when the ovaries are most receptive to stimulation, ensuring effective follicle growth. The short protocol involves the use of medications to stimulate the ovaries and the growth of follicles. The protocol is considered successful if both ovaries respond positively to the stimulation.

Long IVF Protocol

The duration of the long protocol depends on the woman's natural menstrual cycle. It lasts on average 3 to 4 weeks and is suitable for patients with sufficient ovarian reserve.

The first stage of the long protocol begins in the luteal phase, on the 19th and 20th days of the previous cycle. The luteal phase is the period that follows ovulation during which the body prepares for a possible pregnancy, making it the right time to begin certain hormonal procedures. During this period, the woman receives medications that suppress the production of luteinizing hormone. When the level of this hormone is reduced to a minimum, ovulation stimulation begins and lasts about 12 days.

Individual Adaptation of the Protocol

Depending on the woman's body's response to treatment, the fertility specialist gynecologist may adjust the doses and even the medication. This may involve a change in dosage, the introduction of new medications, or the discontinuation of certain medications. Even when using the same protocols, the response of different patients can vary significantly.

To prevent the development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, estradiol levels must be monitored during both short and long protocols. If the level of this hormone becomes too high, the stimulation is stopped to ensure the safety of the patient.

Choice of IVF Protocol

The choice of protocol in the IVF program is determined by the fertility specialist gynecologist based on the individual characteristics of the patient. A short protocol is more often prescribed to older women, as it does not include the regulation phase and the number of eggs obtained may be lower. The long protocol, on the other hand, can yield up to 20 eggs and is recommended for patients suffering from endometriosis, fibroids, or excessive weight.

Consultation with a Fertility Specialist Gynecologist

To determine the IVF protocol that suits you best, you need to consult a fertility specialist gynecologist. Experienced specialists in this field are available at the NatuVitro clinic. Make an appointment for a consultation to find the best IVF program for your pregnancy as soon as possible. To schedule an appointment and get more information, please visit the NatuVitro Clinic website at: natuvitro.com.