Cyst of the testicular appendix in a man

The spermatocele is a condition that can be asymptomatic but can have serious consequences, including infertility. It is an accumulation of fluid in the epididymis. According to medical statistics, about 30% of men suffering from this condition face fertility issues. The main causes of cysts of the testicular appendix are congenital anomalies of the male genital organs, trauma, and inflammatory processes.

What is a testicular appendix cyst or spermatocele?

A testicular appendix cyst is a dense sac filled with clear fluid that contains sperm and secretions from the appendix. It forms in the area of the testicular appendages, which are paired organs located in the scrotum. As the fluid accumulates, the mass increases in size, which can lead to compression of the seminal duct. This compression disrupts male fertility and can lead to infertility.

Symptoms and diagnosis

Often, the testicular appendix cyst does not manifest in any way and is discovered accidentally during a routine medical examination. According to studies, more than 60% of these cysts remain asymptomatic and are detected only during an ultrasound examination. However, in some cases, the following symptoms may be observed:

• Discomfort and pain in the scrotum, which may radiate to the groin area.
• A lump in the testicular area, ranging in size from 2 mm to 3 cm.
• Increased pain in the scrotum and groin, especially during sexual intercourse.

If the above signs appear, the man should consult a urologist as soon as possible. Early detection of the condition allows for preventing its progression and avoiding treatment for infertility in the future.

Ultrasound is the reference examination to confirm the diagnosis of spermatocele. It provides a detailed image of the scrotal contents, allowing differentiation between cystic masses and solid masses.

The choice of treatment method is determined individually, based on the size of the cyst and its impact on the patient's health.

Treatment of testicular appendix cysts

Observation

Small cysts that do not cause discomfort or disruption for the patient generally do not require specific treatment. However, these formations require regular dynamic observation to prevent potential complications.

Surgical treatment

If the cyst reaches a significant size, causes pain and discomfort, or disrupts the spermatogenesis process, leading to a decrease in sperm production, deterioration of their motility, and qualitative characteristics, surgical intervention is recommended. The removal of the spermatocele is performed under epidural or local anesthesia. After the operation, the obtained tissues are sent for histological examination to exclude malignant processes.

Modern methods of cyst removal by laparoscopy minimize the risk of complications and significantly reduce the rehabilitation period, which generally lasts from 1 to 2 weeks. The operation is performed through small punctures, eliminating the need for sutures. This approach helps preserve male potency and normalize reproductive function.

Possibilities of conception after treatment

It is important to note that natural conception options are possible after treatment. In cases where it is difficult to become a parent naturally, in vitro fertilization (IVF) can be an effective solution. This method allows conception even if spermatogenesis remains impaired. Additionally, IVF with donor sperm can be used if necessary, providing a chance to have a child even in difficult situations.

The testicular appendix cyst in men is a serious condition that requires special attention and quick diagnosis. Despite the possible absence of symptoms, the formation of the cyst can have negative consequences for the man's health, including his fertility. Regular medical follow-up and, if necessary, surgical treatment will help avoid complications and preserve the man's reproductive health. Thanks to modern diagnostic and treatment methods, a man can maintain his ability to conceive and, if needed, utilize advances in reproductive medicine, such as IVF, to fulfill his dream of starting a family.