Endocrine disruptors and fertility: a hidden threat in the modern world

Today, more and more couples are turning to fertility clinics due to difficulties conceiving. In most cases, the focus is on hormonal disorders, lifestyle, or medical diagnoses. However, there is another factor, less obvious but equally important: endocrine disruptors. These are chemical substances that can affect the functioning of the hormonal system and, in the long run, reduce the reproductive potential of women and men. Their effect is cumulative, and their consequences can manifest even after several years. This is why this topic is extremely current.

What are endocrine disruptors?

Endocrine disruptors are substances that mimic or block the action of natural hormones and alter signal transmission within cells. Their influence extends to key processes :

• hormone production in glands;
• transport and circulation of hormones in the blood;
• interaction of hormones with cellular receptors;
• regulation of cellular processes necessary for conception.

Even minimal contact with these substances can lead to changes in the menstrual cycle, ovulation, sperm quality, as well as complications during embryo implantation. The human hormonal system functions like a delicate mechanism, and any intervention can disrupt it.

Main sources in daily life

We are exposed daily to endocrine disruptors, often without thinking about it. Among common sources, there are :

• plastic bottles and containers (particularly dangerous when heated or in contact with greasy foods);
• cosmetics and hygiene products - creams, perfumes, nail polishes, including gel polishes and shellac-based varnishes;
• cleaning and laundry products - some contain phthalates and other toxic compounds;
• textiles and furniture - synthetic fabrics are often treated with chemical impregnations;
• food products - especially those grown using pesticides;
• non-stick cookware (Teflon) - when the coating is damaged, it releases dangerous substances.

Complete avoidance of contact is impossible, but it is possible to reduce its intensity.

Gel polishes and shellacs: impact on women's health

The beauty industry is one of the least regulated but most significant channels for the entry of endocrine disruptors. Nail polishes most often contain :

• phthalates (DBP) - which ensure flexibility and durability, but are proven to harm the reproductive system;
• Toluene - responsible for coating uniformity, but having a negative effect on hormonal balance and fetal development;
• formaldehyde and its resins - provide hardness, but are recognized as carcinogens;
• Camphor - adds shine and fragrance, but may affect cardiovascular and endocrine systems.

For women planning pregnancy, frequent use of these products may pose an additional risk factor.

European bans and regulations

Since 2019, the EU has implemented bans and restrictions on the use of these substances in cosmetics :

• Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) - banned due to its proven reprotoxic effect;
• Toluene - limited due to the risk of disturbing hormonal processes and fetal neurological development;
• Formaldehyde - banned as a carcinogen dangerous to the endocrine system.

Accumulating in the body, these substances alter estrogen balance, reduce egg quality, and decrease the chances of carrying a pregnancy to term.

Impact of endocrine disruptors on fertility

1. Ovulation disorders. Changes in LH and FSH levels prevent normal follicle maturation.
2. Decreased egg quality. Damage caused to mitochondria and DNA of oocytes reduces the chances of fertilization.
3. Difficult implantation. Insufficient progesterone levels make embryo implantation less likely and reduce cell protection.
4. Thyroid disorders. It controls sex hormones and the development of the fetal nervous system.
5. Increased risk of endometriosis. Chemical factors worsen hormonal disorders and promote the development of this disease.

In men, there is also a link between the action of endocrine disruptors and decreased sperm quality: reduced motility, concentration, and increased number of abnormal forms.

How to reduce their impact in daily life?

• avoid reheating food in plastic containers;
• choose cosmetics labeled as “phthalate-free,” “paraben-free,” “non-toxic”;
• prefer natural household cleaning products;
• buy organic products or carefully wash fruits and vegetables;
• use filters to purify drinking water;
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Even small changes in your daily habits gradually reduce risks. It is important to remember that the effect of endocrine disruptors is cumulative.

Natural conception and assisted reproductive techniques

In cases where the influence of endocrine disruptors is minor and the body can restore its balance on its own, natural conception is possible. This requires time, a healthy lifestyle, and the abandonment of toxic habits. For many couples, this path is successful, especially if they consult a doctor in time and undergo basic diagnostic tests.

When natural conception is difficult or impossible, modern methods come to the rescue: In vitro fertilization (IVF). Several options exist :

• IVF with own eggs - suitable for women whose ovaries function properly.
• IVF with egg donation - recommended in case of poor quality or low quantity of own eggs.
• Double donation IVF - used when assistance from both partners is necessary.

These programs greatly increase the chances of pregnancy success, even in complex cases. At NatuVitro clinic, patients are offered personalized treatments taking into account their health status and possible external factors.

When is the help of a specialist necessary?

If, after 6 to 12 months of regular attempts, pregnancy does not occur, if the woman's menstrual cycle is irregular, if there are signs of hormonal imbalance or diagnoses such as PCOS, endometriosis, or hypothyroidism, it is advisable to consult a reproductive specialist or an endocrinologist.

At NatuVitro, we analyze internal and external infertility factors, including environmental and lifestyle influences. Our goal is not only to treat but also to inform, helping patients protect their reproductive health.

NatuVitro – by your side at every step toward parenthood.