Cytoplasm transfer: a modern approach to infertility treatment

Cytoplasmic transfer is a modern assisted reproductive technique that involves injecting the cytoplasm of a donor egg into the patient's egg. This procedure aims to restore the normal metabolism and energy potential of the egg, which contributes to the proper development of the embryo.

Why is cytoplasmic transfer necessary?

The goal of the procedure is to eliminate defects in the oocyte that hinder its normal functioning. These include a lack of energy resources and metabolic disorders that impede embryo development. The additional cytoplasm from the donor increases the likelihood of forming a viable embryo.

How does the procedure work?

A small amount of cytoplasm is extracted from the donor's egg (no more than 15% of its volume). This cytoplasm, along with sperm, is then injected into the patient's egg. The procedure is performed in a laboratory using micromanipulation techniques.

In what cases is cytoplasmic transfer recommended?

On average, about 15% of couples face infertility issues. In one-third of cases, the cause is a female factor, in another third a male factor, and sometimes both partners have difficulties conceiving.

Cytoplasmic transfer is recommended in the following cases:

• Women whose IVF attempts have repeatedly failed;
• When the cellular metabolism of the egg is suspected to be impaired;
• If the embryos are of poor quality or have stopped developing;
• In the absence of implantation under normal embryo transfer conditions.

Application in different IVF protocols

• IVF with own eggs: the procedure can increase the chances of successful fertilization and embryo development in cases of poor quality or delayed development; Cytoplasmic IVF transfer is a treatment option for patients who still produce eggs in response to ovarian stimulation but whose eggs do not develop into viable embryos or do not result in pregnancy.

Why can fertilization fail?

The cytoplasmic transfer procedure is often indicated when the following issues are observed:

• Low fertilization rate or total absence of fertilization;
• Abnormal embryo fragmentation;
• Slow embryo development;
• Absence of implantation after transfer.

Role of cytoplasm in the oocyte

The egg is about 80,000 times larger than the sperm. This is because it carries all the nutrients and energy necessary for the early development of the embryo.

It is covered by a dense envelope that protects its internal content and acts as a sort of container until implantation. Beneath the shell is the perivitelline space and inside is the cytoplasm.

The cytoplasm is a gelatinous substance that contains many organelles, tiny structures that provide energy to the cell and regulate its vital functions. They ensure that the egg is ready for successful fertilization and embryo development.

Cytoplasmic transfer is a promising technology in reproductive medicine that can significantly increase the chances of pregnancy success in women who have experienced repeated IVF failures. A consultation with a reproductive specialist will determine if this procedure is appropriate in a particular clinical situation.