Stopped pregnancy: causes, symptoms, and prevention

What is a missed pregnancy?

A missed pregnancy is a pathological state in which there is a halt in the development and death of the embryo or fetus. It most often occurs at an early stage of pregnancy, up to 12 weeks. In recent years, the incidence of missed pregnancies has significantly increased and accounts for 10 to 20% of all reproductive failures.

Natural conception and IVF: is there a difference in risks?

The risks of a missed pregnancy vary depending on the method of conception:

• In the case of natural conception, it is often not possible to determine in advance the presence of risk factors such as chromosomal abnormalities or hidden infections.
• In the case of in vitro fertilization (IVF), potential risks can be partially identified and reduced through prior preparation and monitoring. However, there remain threats related to implantation disorders, the quality of the endometrium, and the general health of the woman.
• In the case of donor eggs, the probability of genetic defects is lower, but increased attention is given to the age and reproductive history of the recipient.
• In the case of double donation, the outcome primarily depends on the woman's ability to carry a pregnancy, since the genetic material comes entirely from donors.

How to reduce the risk of a missed pregnancy

Before conception

• Undergo a comprehensive medical examination.
• Perform screening tests for TORCH infections.
• Treat any identified chronic or acute infections.

During pregnancy

• Minimize stressful situations.
• Follow a rest and work regimen.
• Avoid bad habits: smoking, alcohol, drugs.
• Consult the doctor regularly.

Symptoms of a missed pregnancy

• Pulling pain in the lower abdomen;
• Dark blood discharge;
• Sudden disappearance of pregnancy symptoms;
• Ceasing of swelling and pain in the mammary glands;
• Absence of fetal heartbeat on ultrasound;
• General deterioration of well-being, increased body temperature.

The importance of early diagnosis

Self-diagnosis is strongly discouraged. At the slightest suspicion, it is necessary to urgently consult a doctor.

To confirm a missed pregnancy, the following methods are used

• The hCG level in the blood;
• ultrasound.

The main causes of a missed pregnancy

The causes vary depending on the term and the health status of the woman:

• Hormonal disorders;
• Chromosomal abnormalities of the fetus;
• Infectious diseases (chronic and acute);
• Toxoplasmosis, herpes, chlamydia, etc.;
• Consumption of alcohol, tobacco, drugs;
• Viral infections transmitted during pregnancy;
• Blood diseases;
• Rh conflict;
• Congenital and acquired uterine pathologies;
• Frequent miscarriages in the history;
• Constant stress loads;
• Genetic predisposition.

A missed pregnancy is a difficult and emotionally challenging experience for the woman and her partner. However, many causes are controllable and treatable. When planning a pregnancy and during its course, it is important to be attentive to the body's signals and not delay a visit to the doctor in case of alarming symptoms.

Early diagnosis and proper follow-up can significantly reduce risks and help you deliver a healthy baby.