Hydrosalpinx: effect on women's reproductive function

Hydrosalpinx is an obstruction of the fallopian tubes, causing their dilation and disturbing their permeability. Most often, the disease develops as a result of an inflammatory process due to an infection, for example, the formation of adhesions, or other gynecological pathologies.

The presence of fluid in the tubes reduces the chances of successful conception, particularly during an in vitro fertilization (IVF). Hydrosalpinx can disrupt the blood supply to the ovaries, reduce the response to hormonal stimulation, and significantly decrease the chances of embryo implantation. Additionally, there is an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy.

Causes and Symptoms of Hydrosalpinx

The disease can affect one tube - left or right - and can be bilateral. The most common cause is an infection that has led to inflammation and an accumulation of transudate - serous fluid in the lumen of the tube.

Hydrosalpinx may not manifest clinically for a long time and is only detected during an ultrasound examination when a woman consults a doctor for infertility. In the early stages or in chronic evolution, there may be no symptoms.

The acute form is characterized by the following signs

• pain in the lower abdomen, in the groin area;
• increased body temperature;
• weakness, increased sweating, palpitations.

The chronic process may be accompanied by pulling pains that occur periodically. In the absence of treatment, the disease can lead to the formation of adhesions, promote chronic inflammation of the pelvic organs, and even cause the rupture of the tube.

Diagnosis and Treatment

The first step in diagnosis involves a gynecological examination and an ultrasound of the pelvic organs. To specify the diagnosis, an MRI, hysterosalpingography, and tests may be prescribed.

The choice of treatment depends on the clinical picture. In cases of minimal fluid accumulation, it is possible to prescribe medication (antibiotics and anti-inflammatories), sometimes in combination with physiotherapy.

If fluid accumulation is pronounced and is accompanied by infertility, surgical treatment is considered. The most effective method is laparoscopy, a minimally invasive procedure that allows for the removal of fluid, restoration of tube permeability, and prevention of complications.

Prevention and Monitoring

The prevention of hydrosalpinx relies on timely treatment of infectious diseases, regular gynecological examinations, and a responsible attitude toward sexual health. It is important to avoid unprotected sexual contact, casual sexual relationships, hypothermia, and non-medical abortions.

At the "Natuvitro" clinic, each patient can benefit from a comprehensive examination: consultation with a gynecologist, ultrasound of the pelvic organs, checking the permeability of the tubes, and necessary laboratory tests. Early diagnosis helps avoid serious consequences and increases the chances of a desired pregnancy.