How to take a pregnancy test: step-by-step instructions

The reactive strip pregnancy test is a practical and accessible tool for performing a home test. However, to obtain a reliable result, it is extremely important to carefully follow the manufacturer's recommendations to avoid false positive or false negative results.

When should the test be done?

For many women, this is a crucial question. The test reacts to the level of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which starts to be produced by the body only after the embryo has implanted. If the menstrual cycle is regular, most manufacturers recommend taking the test no earlier than the first day of a missed period. However, even at that time, the level of hCG in the urine may be low, so it is better to wait about a week later. Highly sensitive tests (10 mIU/ml) can detect pregnancy as early as the 10th day after conception. Regarding the blood test for hCG, we have revealed everything in our blog.

In the case of an irregular cycle or absence of menstruation due to hormonal medication, it is recommended to take the test at the earliest 21 days after unprotected intercourse.

How do the tests work?

The tests react to the amount of hCG in the urine. The strip contains antibodies that react to this hormone. To check, you need to dip the test in the urine or place it under the stream, depending on the model. The result is indicated by one or two lines: one line means negative, two lines mean positive. Some models display the result in the form of text or symbols.

Even a faint second line can indicate pregnancy, especially in the early stages.

Types of tests and differences

• Reactive strip: easy to use, requires a container to collect urine.
• Stream: convenient, does not require a container for urine.
• Cassette: used with a dropper to place a few drops of urine.
• Digital: provides a very convenient result in the form of text or symbol.

Sensitivity of the test:

• 10 mIU/ml — for early detection of pregnancy.
• 25-30 mIU/ml — standard level, usable from the first days of delay.

Instructions for use

For strips: collect urine in a clean container, dip the strip in, remove it, and let the result sit for 3 to 5 minutes for verification. For the stream test: place the test under the urine stream for about 10 seconds; the result will appear within 3 minutes.

The best time to take the test is in the morning when the concentration of hCG is highest. In cases of irregular cycles or early pregnancy, it is recommended to wait at least a week after unprotected intercourse.

Factors influencing the results

• Quality of storage and expiration date of the test.
• Sensitivity of the model (choosing a model with a low mIU/ml level allows for early detection of pregnancy).
• Strict adherence to the instructions.
• The hormonal context, medication use, general health of the body.

False positive and false negative results

Sometimes, two lines do not guarantee pregnancy. A false positive result may be due to hormonal imbalance or certain diseases. False negative results may occur if the test is taken too early or if the urine is diluted with a large amount of liquid.

Actions to take

If the result is positive, it is advisable to promptly visit a gynecologist for tests: blood test, pelvic ultrasound, and verification of proper implantation. In cases of prolonged failure to conceive, it is necessary to consult a gynecologist-obstetrician to identify and resolve fertility issues.

Additional information for patients undergoing IVF treatment

Patients undergoing IVF treatment, including IVF with egg donation or double donation, are advised to consult a fertility specialist gynecologist to correctly interpret the results and determine the optimal time to take the test.

Using the test at the right time and scrupulously following the instructions are essential conditions to ensure the reliability of the results. If there is suspicion or a persistent problem, it is advisable to promptly consult a specialist for effective diagnosis and treatment.