Acute respiratory infection of viral origin and pregnancy: what the future mom should know

Acute respiratory infection in pregnant women is a current topic, especially in autumn and winter when the incidence of the disease increases significantly. Acute respiratory infections of viral origin primarily affect the upper and lower respiratory tracts, causing inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose, pharynx, bronchi, and lungs.

Can acute respiratory infections of viral origin affect pregnancy planning and IVF?

It is important to consider that acute respiratory infections of viral origin can pose a temporary obstacle to in vitro fertilization (IVF). An acute viral infection in a woman before embryo transfer or while preparing for ovarian stimulation can reduce the effectiveness of the procedure and increase the risk of complications. In such cases, the IVF protocol is generally postponed until the patient has fully recovered and her condition has stabilized.

Characteristics of the progression of acute respiratory infections during pregnancy

The gestation period is accompanied by a natural decrease in the body's immune defenses, making pregnant women more vulnerable to viral infections. In pregnant women, the disease is often more severe and can lead to complications. Rhinovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, retrovirus, COVID, and others can be responsible for acute viral respiratory infections.

It is necessary to consult a doctor when the following symptoms appear:

• a rise in body temperature above 38°C;
• chills and excessive sweating;
• general weakness, headaches, muscle and joint pain;
• nausea, vomiting;
• dry or productive cough;
• nasal congestion, swelling of the mucous membranes.

Treatment of acute respiratory infections in pregnant women

After consultation, the specialist may prescribe additional examinations: a blood test, nasal and pharyngeal swabs, as well as measurements of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) to assess the condition of the fetus. The choice of treatment is made individually, taking into account the duration of the pregnancy and the general condition of the woman.

As a general rule, symptomatic treatment is used: antipyretic medications, remedies for nasal discharge, and cough are allowed during pregnancy. Furthermore, prevention of complications such as placental insufficiency, the threat of miscarriage, and intrauterine infection of the fetus is ensured.

Possible risks to the fetus in case of acute respiratory infections

Acute respiratory infection during pregnancy can have adverse effects on the mother's body and on the child's development. The viral infection disrupts hormonal balance and can lead to changes in the structure of the placenta, thereby reducing its functionality.

Influenza, transmitted during pregnancy, can lead to:

• delays in fetal development;
• fetal death;
• damage to the amniotic membranes;
• premature birth;
• low birth weight;
• anomalies in the development of the respiratory system;
• cardiac and vascular malformations;
• neuropsychiatric disorders.

Viral infections are particularly dangerous during the first trimester when the main organs and systems of the fetus are developing. However, even at a later stage, they can affect the course of pregnancy and the state of the newborn.

Medical support and prevention

To prevent complications and address them in a timely manner, it is important to be under the supervision of a qualified specialist. At the Natuvitro clinic, expectant mothers can benefit from professional consultations, perform necessary examinations, and enjoy individual pregnancy management programs.

A comprehensive approach to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of acute respiratory infections helps reduce risks and preserve the health of women and their future children at all stages of pregnancy.